Characteristics of a New Testament Church
May 26, 2026
David Cloud, Way of Life Literature, P.O. Box 610368, Port Huron, MI 48061
866-295-4143,
fbns@wayoflife.org
These are marks of a New Testament church. They are major things that we see in Scripture itself. They are the characteristics God’s people should aim to build today, rejecting human tradition that is contrary to Scripture.

We must hasten to add that there is no such thing as an ideal church, and if you are in pursuit of one, you will never be content. The churches we see in Scripture had all sorts of problems. Paul wrote two epistles to Corinth to correct multiple problems that existed in that New Testament church. We see this same thing in Christ’s messages to the seven churches of Asia. This was in John’s lifetime, but already one church had lost its first love (Ephesus), two were infected with false teaching (Pergamos, Thyatira), one was dead (Sardis), and one was lukewarm (Laodicea).

And whatever strengths a church has
today does not guarantee that it will be strong tomorrow. Each generation must re-center on the marks of the New Testament church revealed in Scripture. Every New Testament church is potentially one generation from apostasy for the simple fact that every generation must be born again and surrendered and discipled and educated.

At the same time, when we consider the following biblical marks of a New Testament church, it is clear that we have moved a very long way from the old Baptist position, not to speak of the Pauline position.

It won’t do to argue that “there are no perfect churches” while being content with mediocrity and traditional church polity and caring little to nothing about strengthening the churches. While it is true that we won’t attain perfection in this present life, we are commanded to strive toward it. Paul’s goal was “to present every man perfect in Christ Jesus” (Col. 1:28). In Ephesians 4:11-16, which is a summary description of a New Testament church, the pastors and teachers and evangelists are to aim “unto a perfect man.” Perfection is never the reality, but it must always be the goal God’s people are pursuing. Paul didn’t accept the sins and errors at Corinth as the status quo. He sought diligently to correct every one of them. That is the example for every pastor and teacher.

It won’t do to argue that “I can’t find a strong church” while sitting back doing nothing. It is better to roll up your sleeves, put your hand to the plow, and help a good church get better. If necessary, it is necessary to commute a considerable distance for a good church. I know many people who drive or walk an hour and more, some two or three hours. If necessary it is wise to relocate for the sake of a good church. I know saints who have done this to their spiritual benefit.

“Not as though I had already attained, either were already perfect: but I follow after, if that I may apprehend that for which also I am apprehended of Christ Jesus” (Php. 3:12).

Leadership
- God called and biblically qualified (Ac. 20:28; 1 Ti. 3; Tit. 1)
- Well educated biblically and in all issues pertaining to church. The Pastoral Epistles contain Paul’s preacher training course.
- Studious - ongoing education (2 Ti. 2:15; 1 Ti. 4:6, 13-16)

Biblical standards for membership
- Acts 2:41-42 (regeneration, scriptural baptism, continuing steadfastly in the apostles doctrine, fellowship, breaking of bread, and prayers
- Aiming for regenerate church membership is a major mark of a New Testament church. A biblical church is a spiritual house made of living stones (1 Pe. 2:5).

Sound doctrine
- Acts 2:42; Tit. 1:9; Jude 1:3
- The church’s doctrine must be sound, and the sound doctrine must be maintained with a continual campaign.

Preserved Scripture
- Holding fast to the preserved Scripture which is the Masoretic Hebrew and the Received Greek and the King James as the accurate, majestic translation in English.
- Nothing is more fundamental to a New Testament church than its position on the Bible. It is impossible to be the “pillar and ground of the truth” without an uncompromising stand on “the scripture of truth” (Da. 10:21).

Prayer
Prayer, lots of effectual prayer, is a major, major characteristic of a New Testament church.
Acts 2:42 "they continued steadfastly in ... prayers."
Mt. 21:13 "My house shall be called the house of prayer"
Mr. 13:33 "Take ye heed, watch and pray: for ye know not when the time is."
Ro. 12:12 "continuing instant in prayer"
Eph. 6:18 "Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit"
Col. 4:2 "Continue in prayer, and watch in the same with thanksgiving"
1 Th. 5:17 "Pray without ceasing."
1 Ti. 2:1 "I exhort therefore, that, first of all, supplications, prayers, intercessions, and giving of thanks, be made for all men."
1 Ti. 2:8 "I will therefore that men pray every where, lifting up holy hands, without wrath and doubting."
1 Pe. 4:7 "But the end of all things is at hand: be ye therefore sober, and watch unto prayer.”
One pastor commented as follows: “The other matter, I think we may be weak in is the commitment of the church leadership (especially pastors) to pray for their flock by name faithfully. God has been developing deeper roots and commitment in my own life in this area. This year I have read and studied every prayer of Paul in the New Testament Church epistles, and the Spirit has laid up to me the great need for spiritual prayers to be offered up faithfully for the flocks God has given his undershepherds. This is vital to God’s working in the lives of our people in all the areas.”

Systematic Expository Preaching
- Every element of biblical preaching is found in 2 Timothy 4:1-2. There must be reproof, rebuke. This is mentioned first. Preaching is not the same as teaching. It must correct. It must convict. It is necessary for an atmosphere for growth and protection. There must be exhortation. There must be doctrine. There must be long suffering.
- “We’re losing many younger Christians to the reformed churches like MacArthur because the preaching in IFB churches is often shallow and topical. The pulpit ministry should be a model for each member on how to systematically study through books of the Bible, applying proper hermeneutics, taking a text and preaching its interpretation and proper applications. What other book do we just open to random chapters and expect to understand the context and intent of the author?”

Love
- “
 By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another” (Jn. 13:35).
- 1 Co. 13; 2 Co. 8:1-5; Ga. 6:1-2; 1 Jo. 3:10-14

Unity
- The unity of the Spirit is a major characteristic of a New Testament Church.
"Endeavoring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace" (Eph. 4:3).
1 Co. 1:10; 2 Co. 13:11; Col. 3:13-15; 1 Th. 5:13; Jas. 3:17-18

The Spirit filled walk of faith
- Ephesians 5:18 - “And be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit.”
- “The crucified life of the believer. A close walk with God. People’s minds need to be educated, but they also need to have real, living walks with God. Only God’s power can sanctify the believer. We are saved by grace through faith and ultimately we are sanctified by grace through faith. I have personally found the positional truths of the Bible a real help in my own life for spiritual victory (e.g., Romans 6-8, Ephesians 1-3 etc.) and have seen it help others under my care. I am not talking about some of the distortions in certain segments of deeper life teaching but the biblical teaching on the believer’s position in Christ and how practice flows out of that. As you are no doubt aware, the typical pattern of Paul’s Epistles are Position to Practice.”

Bible knowledge
- Matthew 28:20 “teaching them observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you”
- Eph. 4:11-13 “And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ: Till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ.”
- Col. 1:28 “warning every man, and teaching every man in all wisdom; that we may present every man perfect in Christ Jesus”
- A New Testament church
has a Bible Institute, and the New Testament church is a Bible institute.
- Every member needs the equivalent of a Bible Institute education
as a starting point in God’s will, to be the priest, ambassador, soldier, minister of spiritual gifts, etc., that God has called him or her to be.
- Educated in how to study and interpret the Bible
- Educated in Bible geography
- Educated in every part of the Bible and in how everything fits together as a whole
- Educated in Bible prophecy
- Learning to have a testing mindset on the basis of Bible knowledge (Ac. 17:11; 2 Co. 10:5; 1 Th. 5:21; Pr. 4:26-27; 14:15)

The church functioning as a ministering body
- Eph. 4:11-16; Ro. 12:3-8
- The leaders and ministers building up all of the members toward perfection in Christ so that all of the members can minister in God's will
- Each member exercising spiritual gifts, functioning as a priest, an ambassador, a teacher (Heb. 5:12-14), a soldier

Church Discipline
- Mt. 18:15-20; 1 Co. 5; Tit. 3:9-11
- "unity, love, expulsion, repentance, and restoration”

Holy Standards for Church Workers
- 1 Co. 4:2
- Good Christian testimony; holy separated life; good attitude; good example; sound in doctrine; modest; dependable; submitted to leadership in a biblical, godly manner

Modesty
- Modesty is a fundamental Bible teaching. It is found in many places in Scripture, including at the heart of the epistle that was written particularly to teach us how to behave ourselves in the church (1 Ti. 2:9; 3:15). In 1 Ti. 2:9, we see that modesty is a matter of the right apparel, but the fundamental aspect of modesty is a godly heart - "shamefacedness and sobriety."

Godly Homes
- The homes are a major test of a church’s character.
- The church is to build up the families to raise a godly seed (Mal. 2:15)
- Marriage until death do us part
- Fathers the spiritual heads of the home (Eph. 6:4)
- Mothers the keepers of the home (Tit. 2:4-5)
- Parents striving to raise a godly seed for Christ (Mal. 2:15). Learning how to do this effectually

Giving
- Giving biblically (tithes and offerings); stewarding finances (Pr. 3:9-10; 1 Co. 9:13-14; 2 Co. 9:7-15; Ga. 6:6; 1 Ti. 5:17-18; Tit. 3:13-14; 1 Jo. 1:5-8)

Education for protection
- Educated in all matters whereby the homes and churches are under attack (music, modesty, cultural relativism, modern textual criticism, Judge Not evangelicalism, Calvinism and Reformed theology, home church, Gothardism, replacement theology)
- Education for all ages
- Ongoing education

Separation
- Separation is a fundamental Bible doctrine. It is a matter of holiness. It is greatly emphasized in Scripture. De. 22:9-11; Ezra 9:1-2; Ne. 13:23-26; Pr. 4:14-15; 9:6; 13:20; Ro. 12:2; 1 Co. 15:33; 2 Co. 6:14-18; Eph. 5:11; Col. 3:1-4; Tit. 2:12; Jas. 1:27; 4:4; 1 Jo. 2:15-17
- Separation is a matter of protection.
- Separation from compromise, false teaching, apostasy
- Separation from the world
-Separation requires biblical modesty (proper dress covering, gender distinction)
- The essence of biblical separation is a pilgrim mindset and lifestyle. It issues from a transformed mind (Ro. 12:1-2).
- Separation requires a testing mindset (Ac. 17:11; 2 Co. 10:5; 1 Th. 5:21).

Evangelism
- Zeal to reach the community and beyond; aggressive; purposeful and planned
-every member involved
- Preaching repentance and dealing with repentance in a practical way
- Careful and wise in dealing with sinners
- Looking for clear evidence of regeneration
- Careful and wise in dealing with children

Training Ministers
- Raising up and training new generations of pastors, evangelists, preachers, ministers
- Paul spent much labor on this business, as we see in the Pastoral Epistles and Acts 20:17-35

Strong Emphasis on Bible Prophecy
- Prophecy is dealt with in almost every epistle.
- Christ emphasized prophecy (Mt. 24, etc.).
- Every member must be well grounded in prophecy.
- There must be an emphasis on the eminent return of Christ; the pre-millennial Rapture is a fundamental doctrine. See Ro. 13:12; Php. 3:20; 4:5; 1 Th. 1:10; Tit. 2:13; Heb. 9:28; 1 Pe. 4:7.

Music
- Music is one of the most powerful influences in society and the church.
- Contemporary Christian music is one of the effectual building elements of the one-world “church.” If contemporary music enters, it will ruin the church’s spiritual character. It will build bridges to all sorts of dangers.
- The entire congregation must be educated about sacred music and the world’s music.
- Pursuing congregational singing according to the high principles of Eph. 5:19 and Col. 3:16

Youth
- 1 Ti. 4:12; Tit. 2:4, 6; 2 Ti. 2:22; 1 Jo. 2:13-14
- The spiritual character of the youth is a major test of a church’s character.
- The youth must have a biblical experience of salvation.
- The youth must be well discipled and biblically educated, not entertained (Mt. 28:19-20).
- The youth must be taught and exhorted to pursue God’s will according to Romans 12.
- The youth must be educated in how to obtain a life partner in God's will.



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